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Magyar Nyelvőr144. évf. 1. sz. (2020. január–március)

Tartalom

Nyelv és stílus

  • Tátrai Szilárd ,
    Ballagó Júlia :

    The paper relies on the background assumptions of functional cognitive linguistics and argues that the sociocultural situatedness of the speaker emerging in the intersubjective context of the direction of attention plays a crucial role in the process of style attribution as a context dependent point of departure of utterance production. The paper interprets style attribution as a deictic process resulting in the appearance of various sociocultural factors in utterance production. Taking the harmonization of theoretical modelling and empirical research to be an objective of the enterprise, the paper adds a multilevel empirical study to a presentation of theoretical insights. Two interrelated questionnaire studies answer the following questions: (i) What are the nonprofessional intuitive style attributing labels that make the realization of the speaker’s sociocultural situatedness a topic for metapragmatic reflection in the process of style attribution? (ii) What factors of the speaker’s sociocultural situatedness are foregrounded by labels reflecting style attribution as popular categories; what conceptual components and domains are profiled by them? (iii) What role does the emergence of the various sociocultural factors play in forming the stylistic character of the current discourse and the stylistic markedness of the various linguistic constructions employed? (iv) How do linguistic constructions processed during style attribution become stylistically marked against the backdrop of activated stylistic schemes and salient in the discursive medium of utterance production?

    style, intersubjective context, perspective, deixis, stylistic schemes, stylistic markedness, sociocultural factors, folk categories, social salience

A nyelvtudomány műhelyéből

  • H. Varga Márta :
    A szófajjelölő képzők funkcionális vizsgálata44-67 [763.93 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00098-0020

    One of the aims of this paper is to classify the terms occurring in the linguistic literature as synonyms for ‘derivational suffixes indicating parts of speech’ (suffix of integration, verbalizing suffix, nativizing suffix, adaptational suffix) in order to highlight the functional differences across the various suffixes indicating parts of speech. In classifying suffixes of diverse functions, the author takes stem types into consideration (whether the suffixes concerned are attached to free or to bound stems) on the one hand, and the origin of the stems (whether they are native or borrowed) on the other. Another aim of the paper is to study the integration of borrowed verbs into the grammatical (phonological, morphological, and syntactic) system of Hungarian. Pre-conquest and postconquest verbal borrowings are strikingly different in whether they involve a derivational suffix of nativization or not, and also in the types of derivational suffixes indicating verbality that participate in the obligatory derivational integration of borrowed verbs.

    functions of derivational suffixes, derivational suffix indicating part of speech, derivational suffix of integration, derivational suffix of nativization, obligatory derivational integration.

  • Varga Mónika :

    This paper studies the variation of diverse types and interpretations of adversative coordination in the Middle Hungarian period, based on the data of parallel passages of several different Hungarian translations of the Bible from the 16–17th centuries. One of the main topics is the diffusion of corrective de ‘but’ (the older variant) and hanem ‘but rather’ (the innovative variant), arguing that the scope of the conjunction can be considered to be a constructional constraint of the change (according to data from Jordánszky Codex). Another main topic explored is the variation of de ‘but’ and the adversative use of és ‘and’, shedding light on the tendencies of the usage of the era. The analysis shows that counter-expectational use of contrast is expressed in a direct way (with de ‘but’) in the passages of Jordánszky Codex and the Bible of Vizsoly, turning the readers’ attention immediately to the contrast, while (in the translations of János Sylvester and György Káldi) there was also a tendency of combining these clauses with és ‘and’, showing the ambiguous nature of the relations, thus involving a proffered interpretation.

    adversative coordination, variation, diffusion, change, translations of the Bible, Middle Hungarian Period.

  • Pléh Csaba :

    Psycholinguistic interpretation of the pragmatic aspects of language was developed in two waves, under different metatheoretical premises. The paper summarizes the underlying philosophies of the two approaches, showing some of their achievements as well. In the 1970s a grammar-based psycho-pragmatics emerged, looking for outer frames of a grammar (and mainly syntax) centred vision of language. It was analytic and its main purpose was to relate language processing to the representation of the physical world. Its typical paradigms were sentence/picture verification (Clark and Chase), and testing stored knowledge (three is an even number). These experiments showed a preference for affirmative and tie propositions. Another favourite topic of the time was separating lexical and encyclopaedic knowledge, for example, in anaphora interpretation (The girl met the policeman and the architect. He asked for her ID card, Pléh) and in treating inferences in cases like The girl took out the basket from the trunk. The beer was warm (Kintsch). The second wave started around 2000 with the program of Ira Noveck and Dan Sperber as experimental pragmatics based on the philosophy of Paul Grice. It is part of the general move of cognitive science towards social models, with a commitment of language processing to Theory of Mind (ToM). Regarding language processes, this is a more holistic approach, assuming a few rules, or as Sperber does, a single principle, the principle of relevance. In the experiments, the most important issue is not the representation of the world, but the representation of mental states of the partners. At the same time, in its studies of quantification (some vs. all), metaphors and irony processing, it has philosophical commitments and inspirations.

    pragmatics, knowledge-based processing, ambiguity, Theory of Mind (ToM), relevance.

  • Baranyiné Kóczy Judit :

    Historical, ethnographic, and theological studies witness the diversified symbolism and decisive cultural role of ‘blood’. The paper explores the role of the body fluid concerned in conceptualization, from the point of view of cognitive-cultural linguistics. The aim is to unfold the metaphorical and metonymic domains of Hungarian vér ‘blood’ and the culturespecific factors of world view (beliefs and events) that determine the role of that body fluid in the cultural cognition of the Hungarian community, on the basis of relevant expressions found in standard handbooks and data of the Hungarian National Corpus. Such factors include death, kinship, human nature, vitality, emotion, intensity, and malediction. The paper depicts conceptualizations of ‘blood’ and its profiled features in the individual domains in a network.

    cultural conceptualization, metaphor, embodiment, blood

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